Homeland timemap

The Homeland Map is still in development, more functions will be added soon | | Drag the timeslider to travel through time and click features to learn more ||
See disclaimer and legend below the map || The map works best in Chrome

Mapping and programming by Mikkel Nørtoft. The technical functionalities of the timemap have been made with the generous help of Lê Nguyên Phương Thanh. The timebar is modified from Jonathan Skeate's Leaflet Timeline.

Disclaimer:
Each colored dot on this map is an ancient individual sampled for DNA. The DNA layer of this map focuses on prehistoric migrations. Therefore, change in population ancestry in a region caused by intrusive individuals is weighted higher when determining the color of a dot, although some local ancestry is retained. For example, most Bell Beaker individuals of Europe retain both some of the region's earlier hunter-gatherer, and some Anatolian farmer, ancestry (c. 50% total), but their steppe ancestry (c. 50%) which is intrusive to the region, along with the steppe ancestry in Corded Ware individuals (c. 75% steppe) in Europe, determines their color as red.
The same goes for intrusive Anatolian farmer ancestry in the early Neolithic period of Europe, which is yellow (farmer), although it retains some local hunter-gatherer ancestry, because the farmers are intrusive to Europe. Special cases of resurgence of local ancestry after arrival of foreigners can differ from this rule, and will usually feature a special comment about this.
Therefore, it should be understood that most of the individuals on this map have various mixes of ancestry, although they are only portrayed by one color

Also, lack of data (DNA, wool or wheels) is not evidence that these things were not present in a region, only that they have not been preserved and/or excavated. The burial and soil conditions in Bronze Age Denmark, for example, are extraordinarily effective for preserving wool. That is why most of the wool from 1500-1100 BCE clusters around Denmark. On the other hand, these circumstances are bad for preserving DNA, which is why DNA evidence is scarce in Denmark (so far).

Legend:

Blue circle EHG (Eastern Hunter-Gatherers)
Pink circle WHG (Western Hunter-Gatherers)
Orange circle CHG (Caucasian Hunter-Gatherers) and Iran Mesolithic, Iran Neolithic, Iran Chalcolithic, etc.
Yellow circle Anatolian farmers, also known as EEF (Early European Farmers)
Green circle Levant farmers, including Natufian culture
Turquoise circle SHG (Scandinavian Hunter-Gatherers), mix of EHG + WHG
Red square Steppe-derived R1a lineages, Y-DNA (males) defined as EHG with CHG admixture. Defining subclade SNP in ( ). See R1 tree for chronological context
Red triangle Steppe-derived R1b lineages, Y-DNA (males) defined as EHG with CHG admixture. Defining subclade SNP in ( ). See R1 tree for chronological context
Red circle Steppe-derived autosomal DNA ancestry, including females defined as EHG with CHG admixture)
Transparent circle The individual's ancestry is uncertain/unspecified
Grey star Equal mix of ancestry in an individual
White sheep Confirmed finds of wool
Transparent sheep (transparent) Unconfirmed/controversial finds of wool and zooarchaeological indications of wool production (see individual comments and references)
White wheel Confirmed finds of wheels
Transparent wheel (transparent) Unconfirmed/controversial finds of wheels and/or clay models of wagons suggested to have had wheels (see individual comments and references)